Which type of programming languages are executed through translation at runtime?

Interpreted languages are designed to execute instructions directly at runtime, meaning that the source code is translated line-by-line or statement-by-statement as the program runs. This allows for immediate execution and often simplifies testing and debugging because changes can be made and run without the need for a separate compilation step.

In contrast, compiled languages have their source code translated entirely into machine code before execution, requiring a compilation phase that can add complexity and time before the program can be run. Low-level languages are closer to machine code with little abstraction, and while they can be compiled or interpreted depending on the specific implementation, they don't fit the category specifically as interpreted at runtime. High-level languages, on the other hand, can be either interpreted or compiled but are not exclusively associated with runtime translation, as they include both types of languages. Thus, interpreted languages are clearly distinguished by their direct execution model at runtime.