Which of the following defines programming languages?

Programming languages are specifically designed to provide a systematic way of instructing computers to perform various tasks and solve problems through code. They consist of a set of grammar rules and symbols that allow developers to write algorithms and create applications, effectively forming a communication bridge between humans and machines.

Option B highlights this crucial role, emphasizing that programming languages are specialized tools for crafting instructions. They allow programmers to implement logic, manage data, and control hardware operations, making computers execute tasks as desired.

The other options refer to different types of languages that serve specific purposes. While database management focuses on querying and structuring data, markup languages, such as HTML, are utilized for structuring web content rather than executing commands. Style sheets define the visual presentation of web pages and are not concerned with the logic or commands that drive functionality. Each of these options plays a vital role in the larger scope of technology but does not encapsulate the defining characteristics of programming languages.