Which of the following best describes RAM?

RAM, or Random Access Memory, is best described as the computer's short-term memory. This type of memory is used to store data that is actively being used or processed by the computer at any given moment. Unlike long-term storage, which retains information even when the computer is powered off, RAM is volatile, meaning it loses its data when the computer is turned off.

The primary function of RAM is to provide quick read and write access to a storage medium that is faster than hard drives or SSDs, enabling faster performance for tasks and applications currently in use. This is critical for tasks like running applications, processing data, and overall system performance, as it allows the CPU quick access to needed data without the latency associated with accessing data from permanent storage.

In contrast, the other options describe different types of memory or storage systems. Long-term memory refers to storage that retains data over a longer period, like hard drives or SSDs. Backup storage is specifically for creating copies of data to protect against data loss. External storage refers to additional physical devices used for storage that are not part of the main computer system, such as USB drives or external hard drives.