Which layers make up the TCP/IP 5 Layer Network Model?

The correct choice outlines the five layers of the TCP/IP model accurately. The TCP/IP model is a foundational framework designed to standardize communication across different networks. It comprises the following layers:

1. Application: This layer encompasses all high-level protocols that applications use to communicate over the network, including protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. It is the layer closest to the end-user, facilitating network services and user interaction.

2. Transport: This layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error recovery, using protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP ensures reliable transmission with error checking, while UDP allows for faster, connection-less communication.

3. Network: The Network layer deals with routing data packets between devices across different networks. It manages IP addressing and packet forwarding, ensuring that data is sent from the source to the correct destination within broad networks.

4. Data Link: The Data Link layer focuses on node-to-node data transfer, handling error correction from the physical layer and ensuring that data packets are sent and received correctly over the same local area network (LAN). This layer includes protocols that manage how signals are transmitted over the physical medium.

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