Which device is capable of forwarding data between independent networks?

The device that is capable of forwarding data between independent networks is a router. Routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model and are designed to connect different networks together. They analyze the data packets and determine the best route for forwarding them to their destination, whether that involves moving data between two local area networks (LANs) or connecting to a wide area network (WAN).

Routers utilize routing tables and protocols to make decisions about how to direct traffic. This functionality allows them to connect disparate networks with different addressing schemes, making them essential for communication across the internet or between varied local networks.

In contrast, other devices like switches, hubs, and bridges perform different functions within a network. Switches operate at the data link layer, creating a network by connecting multiple devices within the same network segment and forwarding data based on MAC addresses. Hubs are basic devices that broadcast incoming data packets to all ports without filtering or directing traffic intelligently. Bridges, while capable of connecting two networks at the data link layer, do not have the routing capability required for forwarding data between entirely independent networks.