What type of software is BIOS?

The BIOS, or Basic Input/Output System, is firmware that is essential for a computer's startup process. It acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the operating system. Upon powering up the computer, the BIOS performs a series of checks known as the Power-On Self Test (POST) to ensure all necessary hardware components are functioning correctly. After this, it initializes the hardware such as the processor, memory, and peripheral devices, preparing them for use. It then locates and loads the operating system from the designated storage device. This foundational role makes BIOS critical for the booting process and establishing the operational environment for the user and applications.

Options suggesting that BIOS is either an operating system, manages network connections, or provides security features misinterpret what BIOS does. While the operating system handles complex tasks and user interfaces, BIOS operates at a much lower level, facilitating hardware initialization and configuration, which is separate from managing networks or providing security. These functions are typically handled by the operating system after the BIOS has completed its tasks.