What does the address bus transport?

The address bus specifically transports memory addresses within a computer system. Its primary function is to relay the locations in memory where data can be found or where data should be written. When a CPU needs to access a particular piece of data stored in RAM, it uses the address bus to specify the address of that data.

This functioning is crucial for the operation of a computer as it allows different components to communicate effectively with the memory. For instance, when instructions are executed, the CPU needs to know where the required data is located, and the address bus carries these location addresses to ensure accurate data retrieval or storage.

In contrast, data packets are transported by the data bus, binary signals relate more broadly to communication and processing within the CPU, and instructions are part of the control bus's role in system operations. Thus, the address bus's unique role is centered around memory addresses, solidifying option C as the correct answer.