Ethernet solves data collision problems using which technique?

Ethernet utilizes the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) technique to manage data collisions within a network. In an Ethernet environment, multiple devices may attempt to send data over the same network medium. CSMA/CD operates by having each device listen to the network (carrier sense) to determine if it is clear before transmitting data. If two devices transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both devices will detect this and back off for a random duration before attempting to retransmit their data. This collision detection and the subsequent backoff process help to minimize the disruption caused by simultaneous transmissions, ensuring efficient data communication over the network.

Other techniques listed, such as Time Division Multiplexing, Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing, are more suited for managing bandwidth and dividing communication channels rather than specifically addressing the collision issues found in shared network environments like Ethernet.